![=[MTK MT7621A]拿到zte e8820v2路由器后，如何熟悉单板](/0.jpg)
目录刷机uboot（Breed）openwrt系统
刷机
咸鱼上找7620的路由器，
一般20-30元的，基本都能刷。
要兼顾一下性能的话，
推荐中兴8820v2 ，二手8-9新的，30-40元吧，mtk7621的处理器，带有硬件NAT加速功能，16闪存+64MB运存，5个千兆有线网口，2.4+5GHz双频（300+866Mbps）无线
基本上学习+实用都能兼顾，是性价比不错，刷机也方便的一款.
追求更多功能的话，可以考虑中兴的8820s， 50-60元，同样处理器和无线，但是闪存128MB，内存256MB，能安装几十种功能软件，运行流畅。
参考https://www.right.com.cn/forum/thread-530906-1-1.html
uboot（Breed）
虽然Breed是uboot实现的，但是还是有web界面的：
相关常用命令：
Boot and Recovery Environment for Embedded Devices
Copyright (C) 2018 HackPascal
Build date 2018-12-29 [git-135bed9]
Version 1.1 (r1266)
DRAM: 64MB
Platform: MediaTek MT7621A ver 1, eco 3
Board: PandoraBox PBR-M1 / Newifi Y2S
Clocks: CPU: 880MHz, DDR: 800MHz, Bus: 220MHz, Ref: 40MHz
Flash: GigaDevice GD25Q128 (16MB) on mt7621-spi.0
rt2880-eth: MAC address from EEPROM is invalid, using default settings.
rt2880-eth: Using MAC address 00:0c:43:00:00:01
eth0: MediaTek MT7530 Gigabit switch
Network started on eth0, inet addr 192.168.1.1, netmask 255.255.255.0
Press any key to interrupt autoboot ... 2
Autoboot aborted due to key press.
Starting breed built-in shell
breed>
breed> help
Available commands:
about - About this bootloader
abstatus - Interrupt status of autoboot
arp - Display ARP table
autoboot - Detect firmware type and boot automatically
boot - Boot firmware
btntst - Test GPIO of buttons
dhcp - Display DHCP leases
env - Environment variables utility
envconf - Configure environment variable block
exit - Exit from telnet
flash - Flash utility
gpio - GPIO utilities
help - Show available commands
jtagd - JTAG dongle over GPIO
mdio - MDIO utility
mem - Memory operation utilities
net - Network control
netstat - Display network state
reset - Restart device
setbrg - Set baudrate
spi - SPI utility
sysinfo - Display system information
thread - Display all threads
wget - Retrieval file through HTTP
breed> about
Boot and Recovery Environment for Embedded Devices
Copyright (C) 2018 HackPascal
Build date 2018-12-29 [git-135bed9]
Version 1.1 (r1266)
breed> arp
IP address MAC address
breed> env
Usage:
env list - List all environment variables
env get
env set
env unset
env clear - Remove all contents
env save - Save environment variables to flash
breed> env list
Environment is not available.
breed> flash
Usage:
flash list - List all flashes
flash [bank
flash [bank
flash [bank
flash [bank
flash [bank
breed> flash list
Bank Type Size Model
0 SPI-NOR 16MB GigaDevice GD25Q128
breed> gpio
GPIO direction status name
0 in lo
1 in hi
2 in hi
3 in lo
4 in lo
5 in lo
6 in lo
7 in lo
8 in lo
9 in lo
10 in lo
11 in hi
12 in lo
13 in hi
14 in hi
15 in hi
16 in hi
17 in lo
18 in hi reset
19 in lo
20 in hi
21 in hi
22 in hi
23 in hi
24 in hi
25 in hi
26 out hi
27 in hi
28 out hi wlan5g
29 out hi internet
30 in hi
31 out lo power
32 out hi sys
33 out hi wlan2g
34 in hi
35 in hi
36 in lo
37 in hi
38 in hi
39 in hi
40 in hi
41 in lo
42 in lo
43 in lo
44 in lo
45 in lo
46 in lo
47 in lo
48 in lo
49 in lo
50 in lo
51 in lo
52 in lo
53 in lo
54 in lo
55 in lo
56 in lo
57 in lo
58 in lo
59 in lo
60 in lo
61 in lo
breed> spi
Usage:
spi list - List all SPI slaves
spi [dev
Operations:
start - Select slave
stop - Deselect slave
read
read display
write
write str
speed
Note:
breed> spi list
Available SPI slaves:
mt7621-spi.0
breed> sysinfo
Platform: MediaTek MT7621A ver 1, eco 3
Board: PandoraBox PBR-M1 / Newifi Y2S
Clocks: CPU: 880MHz, DDR: 800MHz, Bus: 220MHz, Ref: 40MHz
Relocate Offset: 03ebc000
DRAM size: 64MB
DRAM range: 80000000 - 83ffffff
Kernel size: 266KB
Kernel range: 83fbc000 - 83ffea3b
Kernel symbol table size: 16KB
Kernel symbol table range: 83fb7d28 - 83fbbffc
Managed memory size: 2MB
Managed memory range: 83db7c28 - 83fb7c27
Managed memory used: 278.03KB (13.57%)
Boot parameter size: 256KB
Boot parameter range: 83d77b28 - 83db7b27
Unused memory size: 61MB
Unused memory range: 80001000 - 83d76b27
breed> thread
Id CPU Time Parent Status IRQ/Mutex Routine
0 01:51 Running kernel_main
1 00:00 0 Pending 5 net_loop
2 00:00 0 Pending 77 shell_daemon
3 00:00 2 Running shell_routine
4 00:00 0 Sleeping sys_led_blink_routine
breed> mem
Usage:
mem dump [keep]
mem crc32
mem read [byte|short|long]
mem write [byte|short|long]
mem write str
mem copy
mem fill
mem compare
breed>
breed>
breed>
breed> autoboot
Trying to boot firmware from 0x00050000 in flash bank 0 ...
Reading data into memory ...
U-Boot firmware image header detected.
Image Name: MIPS OpenWrt Linux-5.10.172
Data Size: 2749753 Bytes
Load Address: 80001000
Entry Point: 80001000
Flushing cache ... done.
Starting kernel at 0x80001000...
OpenWrt kernel loader for MIPS based SoC
Copyright (C) 2011 Gabor Juhos
Decompressing kernel... done!
Starting kernel at 80001000...
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.10.172 (siwind@ArchLinux) (mipsel-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 12.2.0 r22481-1814a6022e) 12.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.40.0) #0 SMP Tue Mar 14 14:00:25 2023
[ 0.000000] SoC Type: MediaTek MT7621 ver:1 eco:3
[ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
[ 0.000000] MIPS: machine is ZTE E8820V2
[ 0.000000] Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
[ 0.000000] VPE topology {2,2} total 4
[ 0.000000] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.000000] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
[ 0.000000] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000003ffffff]
[ 0.000000] HighMem empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000003ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000003ffffff]
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 15 pages/cpu s30224 r8192 d23024 u61440
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16240
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,57600 rootfstype=squashfs,jffs2
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Writing ErrCtl register=000407cc
[ 0.000000] Readback ErrCtl register=000407cc
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 54376K/65536K available (6725K kernel code, 624K rwdata, 1364K rodata, 1256K init, 235K bss, 11160K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 256
[ 0.000000] CPU Clock: 880MHz
[ 0.000000] clocksource: GIC: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0xcaf478abb4, max_idle_ns: 440795247997 ns
[ 0.000014] sched_clock: 64 bits at 880MHz, resolution 1ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns
[ 0.007943] clocksource: MIPS: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 4343773742 ns
[ 0.016999] Calibrating delay loop... 586.13 BogoMIPS (lpj=2930688)
[ 0.083164] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.087925] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.095129] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.105833] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.110887] dyndbg: Ignore empty _ddebug table in a CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE build
[ 0.119014] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.124311] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.124321] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
[ 0.124333] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.124412] CPU1 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
[ 0.178765] Synchronize counters for CPU 1: done.
[ 0.210934] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.210943] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
[ 0.210951] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.210994] CPU2 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
[ 0.270057] Synchronize counters for CPU 2: done.
[ 0.300690] Primary instruction cache 32kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.300699] Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, PIPT, no aliases, linesize 32 bytes
[ 0.300706] MIPS secondary cache 256kB, 8-way, linesize 32 bytes.
[ 0.300755] CPU3 revision is: 0001992f (MIPS 1004Kc)
[ 0.355247] Synchronize counters for CPU 3: done.
[ 0.385114] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[ 0.393602] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.403430] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.410465] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.418272] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.424707] cpuidle: using governor teo
[ 0.477715] clocksource: Switched to clocksource GIC
[ 0.484519] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.489306] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.497312] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.505743] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.513339] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.520327] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[ 0.526761] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.533269] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.540495] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.544791] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
[ 0.551077] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[ 0.562339] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 0.568280] jffs2: version 2.2 (NAND) (SUMMARY) (LZMA) (RTIME) (CMODE_PRIORITY) (c) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[ 0.580900] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
[ 0.586730] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
[ 0.592631] mt7621_gpio 1e000600.gpio: registering 32 gpios
[ 0.599299] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 3 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.607344] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 0.611680] 1e000c00.uartlite: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1e000c00 (irq = 19, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550A
....后面切换成57600波特率了。。。。
openwrt系统
进入系统的初始状态：
root@OpenWrt:/# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="OpenWrt"
VERSION="SNAPSHOT"
ID="openwrt"
ID_LIKE="lede openwrt"
PRETTY_NAME="OpenWrt SNAPSHOT"
VERSION_ID="snapshot"
HOME_URL="https://openwrt.org/"
BUG_URL="https://bugs.openwrt.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://forum.openwrt.org/"
BUILD_ID="r22868-226f6603c7"
OPENWRT_BOARD="ramips/mt7621"
OPENWRT_ARCH="mipsel_24kc"
OPENWRT_TAINTS="no-all"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER="OpenWrt"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER_URL="https://openwrt.org/"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_PRODUCT="Generic"
OPENWRT_DEVICE_REVISION="v0"
OPENWRT_RELEASE="OpenWrt SNAPSHOT r22868-226f6603c7"
root@OpenWrt:/#
root@OpenWrt:/# lsmod
cfg80211 291227 5 mt76x2_common,mt76x02_lib,mt7603e,mt76,mac80211
cmac 2546 0
compat 1422 2 mac80211,cfg80211
crc_ccitt 1774 1 ppp_async
crc32c_generic 1458 1
drbg 17586 0
ehci_fsl 3474 0
ehci_hcd 38270 2 ehci_platform,ehci_fsl
ehci_platform 5010 0
fsl_mph_dr_of 3714 0
gpio_button_hotplug 6610 0
hmac 2578 0
jitterentropy_rng 7561 0
leds_gpio 3250 0
ledtrig_usbport 3010 0
libcrc32c 727 1 nf_tables
libsha256 8804 1 sha256_generic
mac80211 600672 4 mt76x2e,mt76x02_lib,mt7603e,mt76
mt76 50741 4 mt76x2e,mt76x2_common,mt76x02_lib,mt7603e
mt7603e 40316 0
mt76x02_lib 44044 2 mt76x2e,mt76x2_common
mt76x2_common 12354 1 mt76x2e
mt76x2e 10753 0
nf_conntrack 71783 7 nft_redir,nft_nat,nft_masq,nft_flow_offload,nft_ct,nf_nat,nf_flow_table
nf_defrag_ipv4 1241 1 nf_conntrack
nf_defrag_ipv6 6004 1 nf_conntrack
nf_flow_table 23103 4 nf_flow_table_ipv6,nf_flow_table_ipv4,nf_flow_table_inet,nft_flow_offload
nf_flow_table_inet 658 0
nf_flow_table_ipv4 530 0
nf_flow_table_ipv6 530 0
nf_log_common 3032 2 nf_log_ipv6,nf_log_ipv4
nf_log_ipv4 3794 0
nf_log_ipv6 4082 0
nf_nat 24942 4 nft_redir,nft_nat,nft_masq,nft_chain_nat
nf_reject_ipv4 2601 2 nft_reject_ipv4,nft_reject_inet
nf_reject_ipv6 2958 2 nft_reject_ipv6,nft_reject_inet
nf_tables 154936201 nft_fib_inet,nf_flow_table_ipv6,nf_flow_table_ipv4,nf_flow_table_inet,nft_reject_ipv6,nft_reject_ipv4,nft_reject_inet,nft_reject,nft_redir,nft_quota,nft_objref,nft_numgen,nft_nat,nft_masq,nft_log,nft_limit,nft_hash,nft_flow_offload,nft_fib_ipv6,nft_fib_ipv4,nft_fib,nft_ct,nft_counter,nft_chain_nat
nfnetlink 5729 1 nf_tables
nft_chain_nat 946 2
nft_counter 2226 17
nft_ct 7474 4
nft_fib 1590 3 nft_fib_inet,nft_fib_ipv6,nft_fib_ipv4
nft_fib_inet 754 0
nft_fib_ipv4 2101 1 nft_fib_inet
nft_fib_ipv6 2933 1 nft_fib_inet
nft_flow_offload 3506 0
nft_hash 2482 0
nft_limit 3634 5
nft_log 1810 0
nft_masq 1906 1
nft_nat 2642 0
nft_numgen 1586 0
nft_objref 1746 0
nft_quota 2130 0
nft_redir 1874 0
nft_reject 1351 3 nft_reject_ipv6,nft_reject_ipv4,nft_reject_inet
nft_reject_inet 1234 2
nft_reject_ipv4 754 0
nft_reject_ipv6 754 0
nls_base 5434 1 usbcore
ohci_hcd 25734 1 ohci_platform
ohci_platform 3826 0
ppp_async 7234 0
ppp_generic 25807 3 pppoe,ppp_async,pppox
pppoe 9682 0
pppox 1520 1 pppoe
scsi_mod 94059 3 ums_cypress,usb_storage,sd_mod
sd_mod 30343 0
seqiv 1682 0
sha256_generic 2557 0
slhc 5346 1 ppp_generic
uhci_hcd 20194 0
ums_alauda 9346 0
ums_cypress 2626 0
ums_datafab 5442 0
ums_freecom 2306 0
ums_isd200 5794 0
ums_jumpshot 4770 0
ums_karma 1858 0
ums_sddr09 9618 0
ums_sddr55 5826 0
ums_usbat 8882 0
usb_common 3821 5 xhci_plat_hcd,xhci_hcd,ohci_hcd,ehci_platform,usbcore
usb_storage 42240 10 ums_usbat,ums_sddr55,ums_sddr09,ums_karma,ums_jumpshot,ums_isd200,ums_freecom,ums_datafab,ums_cypress,ums_alauda
usbcore 154882 23 usblp,ums_usbat,ums_sddr55,ums_sddr09,ums_karma,ums_jumpshot,ums_isd200,ums_freecom,ums_datafab,ums_cypress,ums_alauda,ledtrig_usbport,usb_storage,xhci_plat_hcd,xhci_pci,xhci_mtk,xhci_hcd,uhci_hcd,ohci_platform,ohci_hcd,ehci_platform,ehci_fsl,ehci_hcd
usblp 9778 0
xhci_hcd 120709 3 xhci_plat_hcd,xhci_pci,xhci_mtk
xhci_mtk 4978 0
xhci_pci 4242 0
xhci_plat_hcd 6162 0
root@OpenWrt:/#
root@OpenWrt:/# cd /proc
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat cpuinfo
system type : MediaTek MT7621 ver:1 eco:3
machine : ZTE E8820V2
processor : 0
cpu model : MIPS 1004Kc V2.15
BogoMIPS : 586.13
wait instruction : yes
microsecond timers : yes
tlb_entries : 32
extra interrupt vector : yes
hardware watchpoint : yes, count: 4, address/irw mask: [0x0ffc, 0x0ffc, 0x0ffb, 0x0ffb]
isa : mips1 mips2 mips32r1 mips32r2
ASEs implemented : mips16 dsp mt
Options implemented : tlb 4kex 4k_cache prefetch mcheck ejtag llsc pindexed_dcache userlocal vint perf_cntr_intr_bit cdmm perf
shadow register sets : 1
kscratch registers : 0
package : 0
core : 0
VPE : 0
VCED exceptions : not available
VCEI exceptions : not available
processor : 1
cpu model : MIPS 1004Kc V2.15
BogoMIPS : 586.13
wait instruction : yes
microsecond timers : yes
tlb_entries : 32
extra interrupt vector : yes
hardware watchpoint : yes, count: 4, address/irw mask: [0x0ffc, 0x0ffc, 0x0ffb, 0x0ffb]
isa : mips1 mips2 mips32r1 mips32r2
ASEs implemented : mips16 dsp mt
Options implemented : tlb 4kex 4k_cache prefetch mcheck ejtag llsc pindexed_dcache userlocal vint perf_cntr_intr_bit cdmm perf
shadow register sets : 1
kscratch registers : 0
package : 0
core : 0
VPE : 1
VCED exceptions : not available
VCEI exceptions : not available
processor : 2
cpu model : MIPS 1004Kc V2.15
BogoMIPS : 586.13
wait instruction : yes
microsecond timers : yes
tlb_entries : 32
extra interrupt vector : yes
hardware watchpoint : yes, count: 4, address/irw mask: [0x0ffc, 0x0ffc, 0x0ffb, 0x0ffb]
isa : mips1 mips2 mips32r1 mips32r2
ASEs implemented : mips16 dsp mt
Options implemented : tlb 4kex 4k_cache prefetch mcheck ejtag llsc pindexed_dcache userlocal vint perf_cntr_intr_bit cdmm perf
shadow register sets : 1
kscratch registers : 0
package : 0
core : 1
VPE : 0
VCED exceptions : not available
VCEI exceptions : not available
processor : 3
cpu model : MIPS 1004Kc V2.15
BogoMIPS : 586.13
wait instruction : yes
microsecond timers : yes
tlb_entries : 32
extra interrupt vector : yes
hardware watchpoint : yes, count: 4, address/irw mask: [0x0ffc, 0x0ffc, 0x0ffb, 0x0ffb]
isa : mips1 mips2 mips32r1 mips32r2
ASEs implemented : mips16 dsp mt
Options implemented : tlb 4kex 4k_cache prefetch mcheck ejtag llsc pindexed_dcache userlocal vint perf_cntr_intr_bit cdmm perf
shadow register sets : 1
kscratch registers : 0
package : 0
core : 1
VPE : 1
VCED exceptions : not available
VCEI exceptions : not available
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat meminfo
MemTotal: 55632 kB
MemFree: 13452 kB
MemAvailable: 8256 kB
Buffers: 0 kB
Cached: 12240 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 7020 kB
Inactive: 8076 kB
Active(anon): 160 kB
Inactive(anon): 2804 kB
Active(file): 6860 kB
Inactive(file): 5272 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
HighTotal: 0 kB
HighFree: 0 kB
LowTotal: 55632 kB
LowFree: 13452 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 2872 kB
Mapped: 5376 kB
Shmem: 104 kB
KReclaimable: 2048 kB
Slab: 14764 kB
SReclaimable: 2048 kB
SUnreclaim: 12716 kB
KernelStack: 856 kB
PageTables: 384 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 27816 kB
Committed_AS: 13268 kB
VmallocTotal: 1040376 kB
VmallocUsed: 3100 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
Percpu: 400 kB
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat mounts
/dev/root /rom squashfs ro,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime 0 0
cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime 0 0
/dev/mtdblock6 /overlay jffs2 rw,noatime 0 0
overlayfs:/overlay / overlay rw,noatime,lowerdir=/,upperdir=/overlay/upper,workdir=/overlay/work 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,noatime,size=512k,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,noatime,mode=600,ptmxmode=000 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,noatime 0 0
none /sys/fs/bpf bpf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,mode=700 0 0
root@OpenWrt:/proc#
root@OpenWrt:/proc# uname -a
Linux OpenWrt 5.10.172 #0 SMP Tue Mar 14 14:00:25 2023 mips GNU/Linux
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat cmdline
console=ttyS0,57600 rootfstype=squashfs,jffs2
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat interrupts
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3
7: 0 0 0 0 MIPS 7 timer
8: 31520 31509 31463 31487 MIPS GIC Local 1 timer
9: 82658 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 63 IPI call
10: 0 70272 0 0 MIPS GIC 64 IPI call
11: 0 0 80127 0 MIPS GIC 65 IPI call
12: 0 0 0 61485 MIPS GIC 66 IPI call
13: 9296 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 67 IPI resched
14: 0 10829 0 0 MIPS GIC 68 IPI resched
15: 0 0 16638 0 MIPS GIC 69 IPI resched
16: 0 0 0 15552 MIPS GIC 70 IPI resched
17: 0 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 19 1e000600.gpio-bank0, 1e000600.gpio-bank1, 1e000600.gpio-bank2
19: 2645 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 33 ttyS0
20: 0 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 29 xhci-hcd:usb1
21: 5395 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 10 1e100000.ethernet
22: 23 0 41437 0 MIPS GIC 11 mt7603e
23: 2 0 0 22815 MIPS GIC 31 mt76x2e
25: 3 0 0 0 MIPS GIC 30 mt7530
26: 0 0 0 0 mt7530 0 mt7530-0:00
27: 0 0 0 0 mt7530 1 mt7530-0:01
28: 2 0 0 0 mt7530 2 mt7530-0:02
29: 1 0 0 0 mt7530 3 mt7530-0:03
30: 0 0 0 0 mt7530 4 mt7530-0:04
31: 0 0 0 0 1e000600.gpio 18 keys
32: 0 0 0 0 1e000600.gpio 24 keys
ERR: 0
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat devices
Character devices:
1 mem
4 ttyS
5 /dev/tty
5 /dev/console
5 /dev/ptmx
10 misc
89 i2c
90 mtd
108 ppp
128 ptm
136 pts
180 usb
189 usb_device
252 watchdog
253 rtc
254 gpiochip
Block devices:
8 sd
31 mtdblock
65 sd
66 sd
67 sd
68 sd
69 sd
70 sd
71 sd
128 sd
129 sd
130 sd
131 sd
132 sd
133 sd
134 sd
135 sd
254 ubiblock
259 blkext
root@OpenWrt:/proc# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 4.3M 4.3M 0 100% /rom
tmpfs 27.2M 104.0K 27.1M 0% /tmp
/dev/mtdblock6 8.9M 2.6M 6.3M 30% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay 8.9M 2.6M 6.3M 30% /
tmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev
root@OpenWrt:/proc# fdisk -l
/bin/ash: fdisk: not found
root@OpenWrt:/proc# lsblk
/bin/ash: lsblk: not found
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cat iomem
00000000-03ffffff : System RAM
00001000-00692a03 : Kernel code
00692a04-008852df : Kernel data
009c0000-009fad6f : Kernel bss
1e000000-1e0000ff : syscon@0
1e000100-1e0001ff : 1e000100.wdt wdt@100
1e000600-1e0006ff : 1e000600.gpio gpio@600
1e000b00-1e000bff : 1e000b00.spi spi@b00
1e000c00-1e000cff : serial
1e005000-1e005fff : syscon@5000
1e100000-1e10ffff : 1e100000.ethernet ethernet@1e100000
1e140000-1e1400ff : 1e140000.pcie pcie@1e140000
1e142000-1e1420ff : 1e140000.pcie pcie@1e140000
1e143000-1e1430ff : 1e140000.pcie pcie@1e140000
1e144000-1e1440ff : 1e140000.pcie pcie@1e140000
1e149000-1e1496ff : 1e149000.pcie-phy pcie-phy@1e149000
1e14a000-1e14a6ff : 1e14a000.pcie-phy pcie-phy@1e14a000
1e1c0000-1e1c0fff : 1e1c0000.xhci mac
1e1d0700-1e1d07ff : 1e1c0000.xhci ippc
60000000-6fffffff : pcie@1e140000
60000000-600fffff : 0000:01:00.0
60200000-602fffff : 0000:02:00.0
root@OpenWrt:/proc# ps -A
ps: unrecognized option: A
BusyBox v1.36.0 (2023-03-04 17:55:20 UTC) multi-call binary.
Usage: ps
Show list of processes
w Wide output
root@OpenWrt:/proc# ps
PID USER VSZ STAT COMMAND
1 root 1956 S /sbin/procd
2 root 0 SW [kthreadd]
3 root 0 IW< [rcu_gp]
4 root 0 IW< [rcu_par_gp]
5 root 0 IW [kworker/0:0-eve]
7 root 0 IW [kworker/u8:0-ph]
8 root 0 IW< [mm_percpu_wq]
9 root 0 SW [rcu_tasks_trace]
10 root 0 SW [ksoftirqd/0]
11 root 0 IW [rcu_sched]
12 root 0 SW [migration/0]
13 root 0 SW [cpuhp/0]
14 root 0 SW [cpuhp/1]
15 root 0 SW [migration/1]
16 root 0 SW [ksoftirqd/1]
19 root 0 SW [cpuhp/2]
20 root 0 SW [migration/2]
21 root 0 SW [ksoftirqd/2]
24 root 0 SW [cpuhp/3]
25 root 0 SW [migration/3]
26 root 0 SW [ksoftirqd/3]
27 root 0 IW [kworker/3:0-eve]
29 root 0 IW< [netns]
30 root 0 IW [kworker/u8:1-ev]
178 root 0 SW [oom_reaper]
179 root 0 IW< [writeback]
181 root 0 SW [kcompactd0]
191 root 0 IW< [pencrypt_serial]
192 root 0 IW< [pdecrypt_serial]
207 root 0 IW< [kblockd]
208 root 0 IW< [blkcg_punt_bio]
226 root 0 SW [watchdogd]
239 root 0 IW [kworker/1:1-mm_]
240 root 0 IW< [kworker/2:1H-kb]
250 root 0 SW [kswapd0]
251 root 0 IW< [kthrotld]
284 root 0 SW [spi0]
353 root 0 SW [napi/mtk_eth-5]
354 root 0 SW [napi/mtk_eth-6]
377 root 0 IW< [ipv6_addrconf]
379 root 0 IW< [dsa_ordered]
382 root 0 SW [irq/25-mt7530]
440 root 0 IW [kworker/2:5-eve]
442 root 0 IW [kworker/2:7-eve]
443 root 0 IW< [kworker/3:1H-kb]
445 root 0 IW< [kworker/0:1H-kb]
446 root 0 IW< [kworker/1:1H-kb]
450 root 0 IW [kworker/1:2-eve]
457 root 0 SW [irq/31-keys]
458 root 0 SW [irq/32-keys]
508 root 0 IW< [kworker/3:2H]
602 root 0 SWN [jffs2_gcd_mtd6]
660 ubus 1500 S /sbin/ubusd
661 root 1372 S /bin/ash --login
696 root 1200 S /sbin/urngd
699 root 0 IW< [kworker/0:2H]
805 root 0 IW< [cfg80211]
810 root 0 SW [napi/phy0-7]
811 root 0 SW [napi/phy0-8]
819 root 0 SW [mt76-tx phy0]
827 root 0 IW [kworker/0:3-rcu]
843 root 0 SW [napi/phy1-9]
844 root 0 SW [napi/phy1-10]
851 root 0 IW< [kworker/1:2H]
860 root 0 SW [mt76-tx phy1]
865 root 0 IW [kworker/3:2-eve]
1071 logd 1480 S /sbin/logd -S 64
1074 root 0 IW< [kworker/2:2H]
1126 root 3756 S /sbin/rpcd -s /var/run/ubus/ubus.sock -t 30
1332 root 1272 S /usr/sbin/dropbear -F -P /var/run/dropbear.1.pid -p
1436 root 2908 S {hostapd} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n hostapd -U network -G
1437 root 2908 S {wpa_supplicant} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n wpa_supplicant
1439 network 4812 S /usr/sbin/hostapd -s -g /var/run/hostapd/global
1440 network 4636 S /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -n -s -g /var/run/wpa_suppl
1501 root 2088 S /sbin/netifd
1668 root 1740 S /usr/sbin/odhcpd
1730 root 1372 S /usr/sbin/crond -f -c /etc/crontabs -l 5
1800 root 1976 S /usr/sbin/uhttpd -f -h /www -r OpenWrt -x /cgi-bin -
1835 root 1128 S /usr/sbin/vsftpd
2351 root 2908 S {ntpd} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n ntpd -U ntp -G ntp -C /et
2370 ntp 1368 S /usr/sbin/ntpd -n -N -S /usr/sbin/ntpd-hotplug -p 0.
2578 root 6596 S /usr/bin/ttyd -i br-lan /bin/login
2796 root 2908 S {dnsmasq} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n dnsmasq -u -l -r /bin/
2800 dnsmasq 1756 S /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -C /var/etc/dnsmasq.conf.cfg01411c
3356 root 0 IW [kworker/u8:2-ph]
3360 root 1376 R ps
root@OpenWrt:/proc# top
Mem: 42100K used, 13532K free, 104K shrd, 0K buff, 12252K cached
CPU: 0% usr 2% sys 0% nic 97% idle 0% io 0% irq 0% sirq
Load average: 0.29 0.57 0.32 1/87 3361
PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %VSZ %CPU COMMAND
3361 661 root R 1384 2% 2% top
2578 1 root S 6596 12% 0% /usr/bin/ttyd -i br-lan /bin/login
1439 1436 network S 4812 9% 0% /usr/sbin/hostapd -s -g /var/run/hosta
1440 1437 network S 4636 8% 0% /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -n -s -g /var
1126 1 root S 3756 7% 0% /sbin/rpcd -s /var/run/ubus/ubus.sock
2351 1 root S 2908 5% 0% {ntpd} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n ntpd -U ntp
2796 1 root S 2908 5% 0% {dnsmasq} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n dnsmasq
1437 1 root S 2908 5% 0% {wpa_supplicant} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n w
1436 1 root S 2908 5% 0% {hostapd} /sbin/ujail -t 5 -n hostapd
1501 1 root S 2088 4% 0% /sbin/netifd
1800 1 root S 1976 4% 0% /usr/sbin/uhttpd -f -h /www -r OpenWrt
1 0 root S 1956 4% 0% /sbin/procd
2800 2796 dnsmasq S 1756 3% 0% /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -C /var/etc/dnsmasq.
1668 1 root S 1740 3% 0% /usr/sbin/odhcpd
660 1 ubus S 1500 3% 0% /sbin/ubusd
1071 1 logd S 1480 3% 0% /sbin/logd -S 64
661 1 root S 1372 2% 0% /bin/ash --login
1730 1 root S 1372 2% 0% /usr/sbin/crond -f -c /etc/crontabs -l
2370 2351 ntp S 1368 2% 0% /usr/sbin/ntpd -n -N -S /usr/sbin/ntpd
^C332 1 root S 1272 2% 0% /usr/sbin/dropbear -F -P /var/run/drop
root@OpenWrt:/proc# i2cdetect -l
/bin/ash: i2cdetect: not found
root@OpenWrt:/proc# busybox --help
-help: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:/proc# cd /etc
root@OpenWrt:/etc# find .
.
./TZ
./banner
./banner.failsafe
./board.d
./board.d/01_leds
./board.d/02_network
./board.d/03_gpio_switches
./board.d/05_compat-version
./board.d/99-default_network
./capabilities
./capabilities/ntpd.json
./capabilities/wpad.json
./config
./config/dhcp
./config/dropbear
./config/etherwake
./config/firewall
./config/luci
./config/p910nd
./config/rpcd
./config/ucitrack
./config/uhttpd
./config/usb_printer
./config/wolplus
./config/ttyd
./config/network
./config/system
./config/attendedsysupgrade
./config/wireless
./crontabs
./crontabs/root
./device_info
./diag.sh
./dnsmasq.conf
./dropbear
./dropbear/dropbear_ed25519_host_key
./dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key
./ethers
./fstab
./group
./hosts
./hotplug-preinit.json
./hotplug.d
./hotplug.d/dhcp
./hotplug.d/firmware
./hotplug.d/firmware/10-ath9k-eeprom
./hotplug.d/ieee80211
./hotplug.d/ieee80211/10-wifi-detect
./hotplug.d/ieee80211/10_fix_wifi_mac
./hotplug.d/iface
./hotplug.d/iface/00-netstate
./hotplug.d/iface/20-firewall
./hotplug.d/iface/90-wan
./hotplug.d/iface/99-user
./hotplug.d/neigh
./hotplug.d/net
./hotplug.d/net/00-sysctl
./hotplug.d/ntp
./hotplug.d/ntp/25-dnsmasqsec
./hotplug.d/tftp
./hotplug.d/usb
./hotplug.d/usb/10-motion
./hotplug.d/usb/10-usb_printer
./hotplug.d/usbmisc
./hotplug.d/usbmisc/20-p910nd
./hotplug.json
./init.d
./init.d/boot
./init.d/bootcount
./init.d/cron
./init.d/dnsmasq
./init.d/done
./init.d/dropbear
./init.d/etherwake
./init.d/firewall
./init.d/gpio_switch
./init.d/led
./init.d/log
./init.d/network
./init.d/odhcpd
./init.d/p910nd
./init.d/packet_steering
./init.d/rpcd
./init.d/set-irq-affinity
./init.d/sysctl
./init.d/sysfixtime
./init.d/sysntpd
./init.d/system
./init.d/ucitrack
./init.d/uhttpd
./init.d/umount
./init.d/urandom_seed
./init.d/urngd
./init.d/usb_printer
./init.d/wpad
./init.d/ttyd
./init.d/vsftpd
./inittab
./iproute2
./iproute2/ematch_map
./iproute2/rt_protos
./iproute2/rt_tables
./localtime
./luci-uploads
./luci-uploads/.placeholder
./modules-boot.d
./modules-boot.d/02-crypto-hash
./modules-boot.d/04-crypto-crc32c
./modules-boot.d/09-crypto-aead
./modules-boot.d/09-crypto-manager
./modules-boot.d/20-usb-core
./modules-boot.d/30-gpio-button-hotplug
./modules-boot.d/35-usb-ehci
./modules-boot.d/40-scsi-core
./modules-boot.d/40-usb2
./modules-boot.d/50-usb-ohci
./modules-boot.d/50-usb-uhci
./modules-boot.d/54-usb-xhci-hcd
./modules-boot.d/54-usb-xhci-mtk
./modules-boot.d/54-usb3
./modules-boot.d/60-leds-gpio
./modules-boot.d/usb-storage
./modules.conf
./modules.d
./modules.d/02-crypto-hash
./modules.d/04-crypto-crc32c
./modules.d/09-crypto-acompress
./modules.d/09-crypto-aead
./modules.d/09-crypto-ccm
./modules.d/09-crypto-cmac
./modules.d/09-crypto-ctr
./modules.d/09-crypto-gcm
./modules.d/09-crypto-gf128
./modules.d/09-crypto-ghash
./modules.d/09-crypto-hmac
./modules.d/09-crypto-manager
./modules.d/09-crypto-null
./modules.d/09-crypto-rng
./modules.d/09-crypto-seqiv
./modules.d/09-crypto-sha256
./modules.d/20-usb-core
./modules.d/30-gpio-button-hotplug
./modules.d/35-usb-ehci
./modules.d/40-scsi-core
./modules.d/40-usb2
./modules.d/50-usb-ledtrig-usbport
./modules.d/50-usb-ohci
./modules.d/50-usb-uhci
./modules.d/54-usb-xhci-hcd
./modules.d/54-usb-xhci-mtk
./modules.d/54-usb3
./modules.d/60-leds-gpio
./modules.d/lib-crc-ccitt
./modules.d/lib-crc32c
./modules.d/lib-lzo
./modules.d/mt7603
./modules.d/mt76x2
./modules.d/nf-conntrack
./modules.d/nf-flow
./modules.d/nf-log
./modules.d/nf-log6
./modules.d/nf-nat
./modules.d/nf-reject
./modules.d/nf-reject6
./modules.d/nfnetlink
./modules.d/nft-core
./modules.d/nft-fib
./modules.d/nft-nat
./modules.d/nft-offload
./modules.d/ppp
./modules.d/pppoe
./modules.d/usb-printer
./modules.d/usb-storage
./modules.d/usb-storage-extras
./mtab
./nftables.d
./nftables.d/10-custom-filter-chains.nft
./nftables.d/README
./odhcp6c.user
./odhcp6c.user.d
./openwrt_release
./openwrt_version
./opkg
./opkg/customfeeds.conf
./opkg/distfeeds.conf
./opkg/keys
./opkg/keys/80ce7421aa299c1d
./opkg/keys/8a11255d14aef6c8
./opkg/keys/b5043e70f9a75cde
./opkg.conf
./os-release
./passwd
./ppp
./ppp/chap-secrets
./ppp/filter
./ppp/options
./ppp/resolv.conf
./preinit
./profile
./protocols
./rc.button
./rc.button/failsafe
./rc.button/power
./rc.button/reboot
./rc.button/reset
./rc.button/rfkill
./rc.button/wps
./rc.common
./rc.d
./rc.d/K10gpio_switch
./rc.d/K21wpad
./rc.d/K50dropbear
./rc.d/K85odhcpd
./rc.d/K89log
./rc.d/K90boot
./rc.d/K90network
./rc.d/K90sysfixtime
./rc.d/K90umount
./rc.d/S00sysfixtime
./rc.d/S00urngd
./rc.d/S10boot
./rc.d/S10system
./rc.d/S11sysctl
./rc.d/S12log
./rc.d/S12rpcd
./rc.d/S19dnsmasq
./rc.d/S19dropbear
./rc.d/S19firewall
./rc.d/S19wpad
./rc.d/S20network
./rc.d/S25packet_steering
./rc.d/S35odhcpd
./rc.d/S50cron
./rc.d/S50uhttpd
./rc.d/S60etherwake
./rc.d/S70usb_printer
./rc.d/S80ucitrack
./rc.d/S94gpio_switch
./rc.d/S95done
./rc.d/S96led
./rc.d/S98sysntpd
./rc.d/S99bootcount
./rc.d/S99set-irq-affinity
./rc.d/S99urandom_seed
./rc.d/S50vsftpd
./rc.d/K50ttyd
./rc.d/S99ttyd
./rc.local
./resolv.conf
./services
./shadow
./shells
./shinit
./ssl
./ssl/cert.pem
./ssl/certs
./ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
./ssl/private
./sysctl.conf
./sysctl.d
./sysctl.d/10-default.conf
./sysctl.d/11-nf-conntrack.conf
./sysctl.d/14-oom.conf
./syslog.conf
./sysupgrade.conf
./uci-defaults
./udhcpc.user
./udhcpc.user.d
./vsftpd
./vsftpd.conf
./urandom.seed
./passwd-
./board.json
./shadow-
root@OpenWrt:~# find / -iname "*busybox*"
/bin/busybox
/lib/upgrade/keep.d/busybox
/rom/bin/busybox
/rom/lib/upgrade/keep.d/busybox
/rom/usr/lib/opkg/info/busybox.conffiles
/rom/usr/lib/opkg/info/busybox.control
/rom/usr/lib/opkg/info/busybox.list
/rom/usr/lib/opkg/info/busybox.prerm
^C
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox -h
h: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox --help
-help: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox
busybox: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# ls -al/bin/busybox
ls: unrecognized option: /
BusyBox v1.36.0 (2023-03-04 17:55:20 UTC) multi-call binary.
Usage: ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
List directory contents
-1 One column output
-a Include names starting with .
-A Like -a, but exclude . and ..
-x List by lines
-d List directory names, not contents
-L Follow symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-R Recurse
-p Append / to directory names
-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names
-l Long format
-i List inode numbers
-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-s List allocated blocks
-lc List ctime
-lu List atime
--full-time List full date/time
-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
--group-directories-first
-S Sort by size
-X Sort by extension
-v Sort by version
-t Sort by mtime
-tc Sort by ctime
-tu Sort by atime
-r Reverse sort order
-w N Format N columns wide
--color[={always,never,auto}]
root@OpenWrt:~# ls -al /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 327720 Mar 14 22:00 /bin/busybox
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox
busybox: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox --help
-help: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox fdisk -l
fdisk: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox ls -al
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3 Mar 14 22:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jan 1 1970 ..
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox lsblk
lsblk: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox version
version: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox ver
ver: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox --list
-list: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox cp
BusyBox v1.36.0 (2023-03-04 17:55:20 UTC) multi-call binary.
Usage: cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST
or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }
Copy SOURCEs to DEST
-a Same as -dpR
-R,-r Recurse
-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-p Preserve file attributes if possible
-f Overwrite
-i Prompt before overwrite
-n Don't overwrite
-l,-s Create (sym)links
-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory
-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR
-u Copy only newer files
root@OpenWrt:~# /bin/busybox i2cdump
i2cdump: applet not found
root@OpenWrt:~#
root@OpenWrt:~#